This isn't like a reverse-engineering case where the copy is discarded. So, what’s intermediate about Goggle’s copying? In Sony, the fair use is time shifting. Here, the fair use is snipping. If we say, "No complete copies ever," then just about everything a search engine or computer does need permission. Your point about burdens is a fair one. Opt out isn't the way copyright law has worked in the past. But, again, when it comes to computers and search engines, and the opt outs are so easy, it may be the way forward. Cheers, Ella. lasik eye surgery