Japan's regulator requires local loop unbundling for both DSL and fiber. "With the exception of New Zealand [and this just changed recently], most industrialised countries have put the regulatory framework for some sort of LLU in place. But few have made it a commercial success. Japan is the most advanced. Of the country's 9.9m DSL lines, 6.2m are provided by rivals to incumbent NTT, such as Softbank's Yahoo! BB. . . . In Japan, NTT charges rival operators a mere Y168 ($1.56, £0.83) per line per month, which has certainly helped unbundling take off there." http://www.benking.co.uk/art/Iliads_epic_success_with_the_local_loop.php