I suppose I don't know what "semantic harm" means. I remember in 2000, SITA ended up with .AERO because some folks thought that ".AIR" was too big a term to belong solely to the airline industry. Is that what you mean? Or does this also include trademark issues and country name issues. It's a big world, and I think you'll be hard pressed to find a text string that doesn't strike someone, somewhere as inappropriate. Some Board members once even considered a nonsense string like .III inappropriate because it didn't mean anything and was difficult to pronounce. I'm skeptical that you could (a) come up with an agreed definition of "semantic harm" and (b) apply it in an objective way. -- Bret